Two small-volume electrochemical cells for the measurement of surface enhanced Raman scattering

Two electrochemical cells, for performing surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with submillilitre volumes are presented. One of the cells is especially developed for use in a Raman microspectrometer. The smallest cell uses only 80 mu l of sample. SER measurements are performed on 2*10-3 M adenine

Task-based User Interface Design

Vliet, J.C. van [Promotor]Eliens, A. [Copromotor]Veer, G.C. van der [Copromotor

Automated Processing of Magnetospheric Poynting Flux As Measured by the Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer

This project aims to create automated analytical and visual tools that will aid researchers in studying phenomena occurring in Earth\u27s thermosphere. The study of these phenomena, known collectively as space weather, is of growing importance due to the adverse impacts they have non manned space flight and communication systems. Using data recorded by the Fast Auroral SnapshoT satellite, binned statistical models of the average downward Poynting flux were created, assisting in the further study of space weather\u27s effects on Earth

Omnes canonici. Een verkenning van de Utrechtse stadsliturgie

The unity of the urban Christian community, dating back to early Christianity, as an idea lying at the root of the stational organization of the cathedral city, gave way to an urban liturgy of a distinctly clerical, in Utrecht even 'collegial' character during the high and late Middle Ages. For Utrecht liturgy distinguishes itself from urban liturgy as it proceeded in other medieval cathedral cities by a focus on five main churches. The desire to celebrate the commemoration of the saint in his own sanctuary, combined with the need to visualize and confirm the mutual relations between the various chapters, resulted in the fact that, apart from the old foundations of Dom and Salvator, the younger chapters also received stations at the festivals of patron saints and the anniversary of the church consecration. The old rights of the Dom and Salvator chapters with respect to the younger foundations of St John, St Mary and St Peter are made visible by means of various stations, notably around the traditional festivals in the temporale. In the time when the three ordinarii dealt with in this article were in force, the Chapel of the Holy Cross had been reduced to an annex of Salvator church. It only figures in the ordinarius of the latter, in a number of processions of the Salvator chapter

Conditional Spike Transmission Mediated by Electrical Coupling Ensures Millisecond Precision-Correlated Activity among Interneurons In Vivo

Many GABAergic interneurons are electrically coupled and in vitro can display correlated activity with millisecond precision. However, the mechanisms underlying correlated activity between interneurons in vivo are unknown. Using dual patch-clamp recordings in vivo, we reveal that in the presence of spontaneous background synaptic activity, electrically coupled cerebellar Golgi cells exhibit robust millisecond precision-correlated activity which is enhanced by sensory stimulation. This precisely correlated activity results from the cooperative action of two mechanisms. First, electrical coupling ensures slow subthreshold membrane potential correlations by equalizing membrane potential fluctuations, such that coupled neurons tend to approach action potential threshold together. Second, fast spike-triggered spikelets transmitted through gap junctions conditionally trigger postjunctional spikes, depending on both neurons being close to threshold. Electrical coupling therefore controls the temporal precision and degree of both spontaneous and sensory-evoked correlated activity between interneurons, by the cooperative effects of shared synaptic depolarization and spikelet transmission

Reply : 'One-stop shop' ultrasound evaluation of an infertile patient: doing less is no longer an option

Funding Information: The FOAM study was an investigator-initiated study funded by ZonMw, the Netherlands organization for Health Research and Development (project number 837001504). ZonMw funded the whole project. IQ Medical Ventures provided the ExEm-foamVR kits free of charge. The funders had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Post-Tsunami Ecotourism Development: Solutions for Laem Khruat Village

This report assesses the tourism industry in Laem Khruat, a rural village in the Krabi Province of Thailand that was affected by the 2004 tsunami. We investigated methods of incorporating the principles of ecotourism into the village\u27s tourism practices. We concentrated on three issues affecting the village: waste disposal, tourism marketing, and water based tourism transportation. We concluded that an expanded garbage bank program, new brochures and a website are necessary for further ecotourism development. We also concluded that a kayak with a Mirage drive pedal system is effective for ecotourism